"For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour,nwhich is Christ the Lord;" (Luke 2,11)nn nBethlehem (House of Bread - House of Lahmu) is located about 10 Kilometers (6 miles) southwest of Jerusalem by the hill country of Judea on the way to Hebron.nIt is first mentioned in the Armana letters fourteen centuries BCE. nBethlehem is sacred to all three religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.nnBethlehem plays a significant part in the Old Testament, in the history of the Israelites, both before they entered Egypt and slavery, and after the Exodus.n It appears in the Old Testament as Ephrat, where Rachel the beloved matriarch of the Jewish People, the favorite wife of Jacob, died during childbirth.n The Tomb of Rachel, is a pilgrimage place for Jews and Muslims alike.n Among other Biblical mentions and Holy Sites in Bethlehem:nRachel's tomb, Naomi and Ruth, Samuel anoints King David and the well from which David's warriors brought him waters.nIn the bible it is called "Bethlehem of Judah" (belonging to the tribe of Judah),nto distinguish it from the other Bethlehem, which was in the North,nin the territory of the tribe of Zebulon. nnDavid, the youngest son of a Bethlehem-farmer, is chosen to be anointed by the Prophet Samuel on behalf of the Lord as a king. (First Samuel 17:12). nAccording to Matthew 2 and Luke 2, Jesus was born in Bethlehem, and Matthew interpreted this as the fulfillment of Micah's prophecy. In effect it became a sort of official rightful place of the family line of David.n(See "The Family Tree of Jesus Christ" - "From Adam and Eve to Jesus Christ" nnChristian tradition, perhaps as early as the second century CE, identified a cave as the site of Jesus' birth. About 338 CE Constantine, the Roman emperor and his mother, Helena, built a church over the grotto and In 527 Justinian the Emperor of the Byzantine Empire resettled in Bethlehem, his reign was one of great prosperity and expansion of churches. The site of the Nativity is a central pilgrimage destination for Christians from all over the world. nnBethlehem was a city of importance to the Crusaders, who conquered it in the year 1100. Over years of wars between the Crusaders and the Muslims the city was destroyed, and then subsequently rebuilt. The Turks destroyed the city in 1244, but the church somehow escaped, Bethlehem was rebuilt once again. nnWhen finally the Crusaders were driven from Palestine in 1291, the Moslem rulers used the holy places for political and financial ends. Although Bethlehem was still nominally endowed, collection of revenue from the land was impossible. In 1332 Pope John XXII wrote to Edward III of England, to David II of Scotland and to Simon of Meopham, Archbishop of Canterbury, asking them to help the bishop of Bethlehem to regain his interest and so enable him to return to Bethlehem and carry out repairs. It seems little was done. nnDecay and destruction proceeded over the years as a result of fighting between the local Christian and Muslim residents.nnThe Population of Bethlehem today is made up of Christians and Moslems. nAmong the Christians: Catholics of Latin, Syrian, Malachite, Armenian and Maronite rites and Orthodox of Greek, Syrian and Armenian denominations.n Protestants are present in the Judean town. nnAs a result of the Six-Day War, Bethlehem came under Israeli rule.nnIn December 1995, the town of Bethlehem reverted to Palestinian control.n Israelis still have access to Rachel's tomb, on the northern outskirts of the city. Unfortunately, occasional outbreaks of violence continue to occur between Palestinian demonstrators from Bethlehem and Israeli troops stationed outside the city's limits.nnn"Then they moved on from Bethel. While they were still some distance from Ephrath, Rachel began to give birth and had great difficulty. And as she was having great difficulty in childbirth, the midwife said to her, "Don't be afraid, for you have another son. As she breathed her last --for she was dying --she named her son Ben-oni. But his father named him Benjamin. So Rachel died and was buried on the way to Ephrath (that is, Bethlehem). Over her tomb Jacob set up a pillar, and to this day that pillar marks Rachel's tomb" (Gen. 35,16-19).nn"And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judaea, unto the city of David, which is called Bethlehem (because he was of the house and lineage of David)" (Luke 2,4)nn"For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, which is Christ the lord." (|Luke 2,11) nnnnBy Lena Mor -
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