Application and Development of Environmental Protection Enzyme Preparations

Biosensors made with enzymes are becoming more and more widely used in environmental monitoring. Enzymes are playing an important role in the process of waste treatment and recycling. Using genetic engineering and protein engineering to expand the metabolic pathways of enzymes is the treatment of refractory toxic pollutants. Important method. Enzyme engineering technology will play an increasingly important role in environmental protection. 1.1 Application of enzymes in wastewater treatment Wastewater includes various toxic substances with various components such as phenols, cyanide, heavy metals, organic phosphorus, organic mercury, organic acids, aldehydes, alcohols, and proteins. The traditional wastewater treatment method has a single decontamination capacity and poor effect; and the enzyme preparation is to remove the toxic effects of sewage through the life activities of the microorganisms, so that the toxic substances in the sewage are converted into beneficial non-toxic substances, so that the sewage is obtained purification. Nowadays immobilized enzyme and immobilized cell technology to treat sewage has become one of the important methods for biological purification of sewage. Enzymes have the following advantages in sewage treatment compared to other sewage treatment methods: ① treat compounds that are difficult to biodegrade; ② strong technical adaptability, suitable for high or low concentration wastewater; ③ PH value, temperature and The range of salinity is very wide; ④ It will not slow down the processing speed due to the accumulation of biomass, and the process control of the processing process is simple and easy. ⑤ High efficiency of sewage treatment and good effluent quality. ⑥ Convenient operation, simple operation, low construction investment and operating cost. 1.2 Application of enzyme in eliminating white pollution It is understood that there are millions of tons of plastic waste in the soil and rivers in our country. The plastic residue in the soil will cause crops to reduce production. If it is used continuously without taking measures, it will cause farmers to lose their grains. It can be seen that the huge amount of plastic waste has seriously affected the ecological environment. Research and development of biodegradable plastics are urgent. Polymer materials are widely used in various fields, but due to their non-biodegradable or non-degradable nature, they become solid waste after use, causing serious impact on the environment. Research and development of biodegradable materials have become an important way to eliminate white pollution and develop biodegradable polymer materials. 1.3 Application of enzymes in eliminating chemical pesticide pollution Under normal circumstances, about 80% of the chemical pesticides used will remain in the soil, especially chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides are the most difficult to decompose, causing the toxic effects of retention through the ecosystem. Therefore, people have been looking for safer and more effective methods for many years, and the use of microorganisms and enzyme preparations to degrade pesticides has become an important aspect of eliminating pesticides' environmental pollution. Microorganisms that can degrade pesticides, some of them gradually decompose pesticides into end products CO2 and H2O through mineralization. This kind of degradation path is thorough, and generally does not bring side effects; to completely eliminate the pollution of chemical pesticides, the promotion of biological pesticides imperative. The so-called biological pesticides refer to a large group of substances produced by organisms that have the functions of preventing diseases and insect pests and removing weeds. They are mostly metabolic products of organisms, mainly including microbial insecticides, agricultural antibiotic preparations and microbial herbicides, etc. Among them, microbial insecticides have been the most widely studied, mainly including viral insecticides, bacterial insecticides, fungal insecticides, actinomycetic insecticides, etc. 1.4 Application of enzymes in environmental monitoring Environmental monitoring is an important part of understanding environmental conditions, grasping changes in environmental quality, and conducting environmental protection. The application of enzymes in environmental monitoring is becoming more and more extensive, and important results have been achieved in the monitoring of pesticide pollution, heavy metal pollution, and microbial pollution.