Emerging Biomedical Concepts in the Next Generation Probiotics Field

Next generation probiotics (NGPs), also sometimes referred to as live biotherapeutics, are probiotics that act in a pharmaceutical capacity by shifting the gut microbiome to address specific needs. These potentially beneficial bacteria are gradually grouped to form the NGPs. With the development of next generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics analysis technologies, NGPs have attracted more and more attention as live bacterial therapeutics for the treatment of diseases. A number of important reports have highlighted that dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is related to numerous disorders, ranging from chronic inflammatory diseases such as colitis, diabetes, diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndromes, liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases, to cancer and even neurodegenerative diseases. Over the past decade, scientists have studied many strategies for modulating the structure of the gut microbiota, providing more revelation for amelioration of these inflammation or infection-related diseases. While traditional probiotics are generally ineffective, emerging next-generation probiotics are gaining great attention as preventive and therapeutic tools. Recent studies have identified many potential NGPs, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides fragilis, Prevotella copri, Christensenella minuta, Akkermansia muciniphila and so on. ※ Faecalibacterium prausnitzii as next generation probiotics rnThe intestinal symbiotic bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii has the multi-functions of anti-inflammation, gut barrier enhancement, and butyrate production. More and more studies have found that the occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), clostridium difficile infection (CDI), and virus infection such as COVID-19, are closely related to the gut microbial dysregulation caused by the changes in the level of F.prausnitzii in the intestinal tract. Therefore, F. prausnitzii may have the potential to reduce microbial translocation and inflammation, and prevent the occurrence of gastrointestinal comorbidity, especially in patients with COVID-19. ※ Bacteroides fragilis as next generation probioticsrnBacteroides fragilis is the most frequently isolated anaerobe from human infections. Due to their immunomodulatory functions, B. fragilis and its capsular polysaccharide-A (PSA) have been shown to protect against colitis, encephalomyelitis, colorectal cancer, pulmonary inflammation, and asthma. ※ Prevotella copri as next generation probioticsrnPrevotella copri is a bacterium that can be found in the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Studies have shown that the presence of P. copri is closely related to the disease in new-onset patients with untreated rheumatoid arthritis (NORA). This work identifies a potential role for P. copri in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Scientists have shown that increased levels of P. copri might contribute to driving chronic inflammation in individuals infected with HIV. In addition, scientists proved that gut dysbiosis with the abundance of P. copri in a mouse model of osteomyelitis. ※ Christensenella minuta as next generation probioticsrnChristensenella minuta, a component of the human gut microbiota associated with low body mass. C. minuta DSM33407 has great anti-obesity potential. C. minuta DSM33407 protects from diet-induced obesity and regulates associated metabolic markers such as glycemia and leptin. It also regulates hepatic lipid metabolism through a strong inhibition of de novo lipogenesis and maintained gut epithelial integrity. ※ Akkermansia muciniphila as next generation probioticsrnAkkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila), an intestinal symbiont colonizing in the mucosal layer, is considered to be a promising candidate as probiotics. A. muciniphila has important value in improving the host metabolic functions and immune responses. In addition, A. muciniphila may be valuable in modifying cancer treatment. https://live-biotherapeutic.creative-biolabs.com/next-generation-probiotics-ngps.htmrnhttps://live-biotherapeutic.creative-biolabs.com/faecalibacterium-prausnitzii.htmrnhttps://live-biotherapeutic.creative-biolabs.com/bacteroides-fragilis.htmrnhttps://live-biotherapeutic.creative-biolabs.com/prevotella-copri.htmrn