Hypokalemia (low levels of potassium in the blood)

What is hypokalemia?rnHypokalemia is an electrolyte imbalance, with a low level of potassium in the blood. The normal potassium value in adults is 3.5 to 5.3 mEq / L.Low Potassium Symptoms Dizziness Potassium is one of the many electrolytes in the body. It is found inside cells. Normal levels of potassium are important for the functioning of the heart and nervous system.http://www.mypkworld.com/rnWhat causes hypokalemia?rnThe body regulates potassium levels in the blood by moving it in or out of the cells. When there is a degradation or destruction of cells, potassium leaves the cell into the bloodstream and exaggerated excretion causes hypokalemia. Trauma or excess insulin, especially if it is diabetic, can cause a movement of potassium to the cells and blood levels drop (hypokalemia).rnPotassium is excreted (or "purged" from the body) by your kidneys. Certain medications or conditions can cause the kidneys to excrete excess potassium. This is the most common cause of hypokalemia.rnOther causes include:rnLoss of potassium from the organism.rnSome medications, such as loop diuretics (furosemide) can cause a loss of potassium. Other medications include steroids, liquorice, sometimes aspirin, and certain antibiotics.rnKidney dysfunction (kidney failure): The kidneys may not work well due to a condition called Renal Tubular Acidosis (ATR). In this case the kidneys will excrete too much potassium. Medications that cause ATR include Cisplatin and Amphotericin B.rnBefore the loss of bodily fluids due to vomiting, diarrhea or excessive sweating.rnEndocrinological or hormonal problems (such as increased levels of aldosterone): aldosterone is a hormone that regulates potassium levels. Certain diseases of the endocrinological system, such as Aldosteronism or Cushing's syndrome, can cause loss of potassium.rnInadequate potassium intakernWhat are the symptoms of hypokalemia that should be taken into account?rnIt is possible to have no symptoms, unless blood potassium levels are very low.rnYou may have muscle weakness, fatigue or cramps.rnThe doctor may notice a decrease in reflexes.rnYou may have changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG).rnWhat you can do if the results of the blood test indicate hypokalemia: Follow the doctor's instructions to increase the level of potassium in your blood. If the results of your blood tests show that the levels are too low, the doctor may prescribe potassium supplements, either in pills or intravenously (IV).rnIf you take heart medications and have a chronic (long-term) blood potassium level, you may be recommended to high-potassium diet. Foods high in potassium include most fresh fruits and vegetables. Some specific examples include:rnOranges and orange juicernGreen leafy vegetables, such as spinach and vegetables (cabbage and kale)rnPotatoesrnAvoid caffeine and alcohol, as they can cause electrolyte disturbances.rnFollow all the doctor's recommendations regarding laboratory tests.rnMedications your doctor may prescribe for hypokalemia:rnThe doctor may prescribe medications to increase blood potassium levels, including:rnPotassium-sparing diuretics: these are also known as "water-retaining pills" because they help increase blood potassium levels by allowing your kidneys to retain potassium while urinating more. A widely used example of this medication may be spironolactone.rnPotassium and magnesium supplements: to correct the level of potassium in blood and bring it to a "normal" level. You should also take magnesium. These medications can be taken in pills or intravenously (IV) if you have a severe deficiency of these electrolytes.rnWhen to call the doctor:rnIf you have the following symptoms, consult your doctor:rnIncreased urinary frequency, painful urination, weight loss.rnIf you notice symptoms of low blood sugar levels, such as tremors, sweating and fatigue.rnIf you develop signs of confusion.rnShortness of breath, chest pain or discomfort; swelling of the lips or throat should be evaluated immediately, especially if you started with a new medication.rnIf you feel your heart beating fast or if you feel palpitations.rnNausea that affects the ability to eat and is not relieved by prescription medications.rnDiarrhea (4 to 6 episodes in 24 hours) that is not relieved by antidiarrheal medications or a change in diet.rnNote: We recommend that you talk with your doctor about your condition and your treatment. The information presented here is for practical and educational purposes only, and it does not replace the opinion of your doctor.