Male Infertility

When it comes to male infertility, it is the health issue that restrict the couple to conceive due to the causes related to the male partner. Around 13 of 100 couples fail to become parent naturally and many other times even medicines and therapies don't work. Of all the cases, in one third the problem lies within the male partner. As in normal conditions the fertility is maintained by the millions of sperms that enter female body during ejaculation. The infertility is mostly due to the causes related with sperm. Mostly in this condition when the medications and surgical procedures fail to work, the solution lies with the assisted reproductive techniques. CAUSES: Unhealthy sperms or fewer sperms are the main reason of infertility. There are many causes associated with sperms . In order to be fertile: Male must produce healthy sperm. rnSperm must be well mixed with rnThe sperm count must be enough to reach the female uterusrnThe sperm must be viable rnThe sperm must be mobilernTo make the female partner pregnant, the male sperm must be in proper count, perfect size and shape, they must have the chemical so thatthe ova could detect the sperm, they must be well nourished, they must be mobile, they must have capacity and viability till they reach and fuse with the female ova.rnMedical Causes: Other than physiological causes, the man can have issues like: Swelling in the veins that drain the testicle is known as varicocelernInflammation of the epididymis (epididymitis) or testicles (orchitis) and some sexually transmitted infections, including gonorrhea or HIV or any other infection involving the reproductive system or urogenital system can lead to infertility. rnRetrograde ejaculation don't let the sperm enter female body and thus may lead to infertility. rnAutoimmune diseases involving the sperm.rnTumours involving the urogenital system or even brain tumours cause infertility rnHormonal imbalance and undescended testicles rnProblem with sexual intercourse or any genetic disorder.rnA digestive disorder caused by sensitivity to gluten, celiac disease can cause male infertilityrnSteroids and other medications may affect the fertility too.rnPrior surgeries that might have involved the urogenital system can cause infertility too.rnEnvironment And Lifestyle Causes: Smoking , drinking, drugs can lead to impotencyrnHazardous chemicalsrnOverheating over the testiclesrnRadiationsrnHeavy MetalsrnActinotherapyrnPsychological Disorders rnObesity Risk factors Risk factors linked to male infertility include:rnSmoking tobaccornUsing alcoholrnUsing certain illicit drugsrnBeing overweightrnBeing severely depressed or stressedrnHaving certain past or present infectionsrnBeing exposed to toxinsrnOverheating the testiclesrnTraumatic injurie to the testis or penisrnEarlier vasectomy or major abdominal or pelvic surgeryrnHaving a history of undescended testiclernCongenital fertility disorder or any infertility in lineage.rnHaving certain medical conditions, including tumours and chronic illnesses, such as sickle cell diseasernSide effects of cancer or undergoing medical treatmentsrnDifficulty with ejaculation, or erection or small volumes of fluid ejaculated, reduced sexual desire, or difficulty maintaining an erection rnPain, swelling or a lump around penis or testiclesrnRecurrent respiratory infectionsrnInability to smellrnAbnormal breast growth (gynecomastia)rnDecreased facial or body hair or other signs of a chromosomal or hormonal abnormality