The Fascinating History of the Livery Companies of the City Of London

The 108 City of London livery companies enjoy a long and rich history reaching back to medieval times and the first trade guilds. "Guilds" is a term originating from the Saxon "gild" meaning payment. It is said the term was applied to the fellowships of craftsmen and traders because members paid a tribute to the organization itself. The guilds played an important role in society, policing the quality of goods, ensuring weights and measures were consistent and true, and enforcing consistent pricing. This served the members by ensuring the reputation of the guild and ensured price wars did not result in lower wages. The City is unique in that remnants of the neighborhoods where these guilds began still exist in the streets named for certain commodities like Bread Street, Milk Street and Ironmonger Lane. As the guilds gained more formal presence the leaders sought legitimacy and prominence through Royal Charter. The first Charter was granted by Henry II in 1155 to The Weavers' Company. In 1515 there were 48 chartered livery companies. The group was in some disarray as many of the companies joined into single guilds, whilst other split up. This led to disputes of prominence and the dispute was finally settled by The Lord Mayor who drew up the official list based on wealth. Interestingly a dispute still continues today between the Skinners and Merchant Taylors. Each year these two livery companies exchange their positions at Easter, one taking the sixth and the other taking the seventh position on the list. It is said that the term "at sixes and sevens" meaning to be in disarray or a state of confusion derives from this very dispute. Livery companies are well-known for the distinctive regalia and robes they were during ceremonies. Historically livery referred to all the supplies a servant would need to perform the duties at a residence or official household. It then evolved into a term just relating to specific clothing. This was then associated with the guilds dress and insignias, hence "livery company." Since the middle Ages livery companies have flourished as they controlled manufacturing standards and the sale and price of goods in the City. Livery companies flourish still today, successfully fostering trade of their company's goods and staying current with modern technology. The livery companies also do extensive community service and charity work. The newest livery was chartered in 2008: the Worshipful Company of Security Professionals (motto: Res Hominess Liberates). As industry and trade develop, more companies will be sure to join the list. The heritage of the livery companies also lives in the magnificent livery halls constructed through the 17th century, with the Apothecaries' Hall in Blackfriers having the distinction of being the oldest extent building hall. The Haberdashers Hallon West Smithfield is the very latest hall to be constructed and occupied in 2002. One can often make arrangements to visit these historic halls either through tours or when the livery holds exhibits or events. The City of London Festival also uses many of the halls for its summer exhibits and shows. It is a visit no architecture or history enthusiast should miss.